What is a product substitution case?

The term “product substitution” is broad. These generally involve not delivering the service or product which the Government ordered.  Product substitution cases encompass everything from a product that is technically deficient and will not fulfill its intended purpose, like an aircraft that will not fly, to a personal services contract that was technically fulfilled, but not rendered in compliance with all the contract specifications, like those requiring compliance with labor and employment laws or health and safety requirements.  Another example of a product substitution case is where the Government ordered a pick-up truck with a V-8 engine, but was instead delivered one with a V-6 engine.  In all instances, these involve a failure to comply with contract specifications. (See "What kinds of cases involve lack of compliance with contract specifications?")
 

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